• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:FI12927Y1
    申请号:FIU20214008U
    申请日:2021-01-22
    公开日:2021-04-08
    发明作者:Mikko Haapakoski；Marko Klemola；Matti Nykänen
    申请人:Peltisepaenliike Nykaenen Ky；Rau Service Oy；Lvi Klemola Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Ventilation equipment
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a ventilation apparatus comprising an inlet coil, an inlet fan for conducting supply air through an inlet coil, an outlet coil, an exhaust fan for passing exhaust air through an outlet coil, a heat transfer an intermediate pipe leading from one pipe to another, a circulation pump and at least one valve, a control device for controlling the operation of said inlet and outlet fans, said at least one valve and said circulation pump, and pressure measuring means for measuring the pressure difference across the discharge coil.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The energy efficiency of ventilation systems is improved by heat recovery devices that preheat the incoming supply air with thermal energy recovered from the exhaust air. Especially in large buildings, ventilation systems are used which have an exhaust coil through which the exhaust air is blown by means of an exhaust fan and an inlet coil through which the supply air is sucked by means of an inlet fan. The inlet and outlet coils are connected to each other by heat transfer piping so that the heat transfer fluid heated by the outlet air is led from the outlet coil to the inlet coil, where it heats the supply air. The heat transfer fluid cooled from the inlet coil is returned to the outlet coil. The heat transfer fluid used in the ventilation equipment described above is typically a glycol or aqueous glycol solution. N 25 - There are several problems with known ventilation systems. The moisture in the exhaust air & condenses easily into the lamellae of the exhaust coils, which reduces the amount of air passing through the 5 coils and impairs the heat transfer capacity of the coil, reducing the efficiency of N heat recovery. In conventional ventilation systems, the aim is to prevent the top coil from fogging up by setting the heat transfer fluid to a lower = 30 limit temperature, below which the heat transfer fluid is not allowed to cool. Typically, the lower limit temperature is between -5 ° C and 0 ° C. When the heat transfer fluid temperature = drops to the lower limit temperature, the flow of the heat transfer fluid through the inlet coil is reduced. The speed of the supply and exhaust fans is usually not changed during the anti-fog> operation.
    The temperature of the heat transfer fluid alone does not reliably indicate whether the lamellae of the exhaust battery are actually misting, so raising the temperature of the heat transfer fluid is often done in vain. The deterioration of the heat recovery efficiency is further exacerbated by the fact that the lower limit temperature of the heat transfer fluid is often set unnecessarily high for fear of the exhaust coil. Due to the antifogging, the circulation of the heat transfer fluid is regulated the most at low outdoor temperatures, in which case the heat output provided by the heat recovery would be needed the most. The speed of the circulation pumps for ventilation systems is adjusted in the installation phase of the apparatus so as to achieve the designed heat transfer fluid flow rate in the fluid circuit. During operation of the equipment, the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid is not measured or adjusted in any way. However, the viscosity of the glycol-containing heat transfer fluid is highly dependent on the temperature of the fluid, so that the flow of the heat transfer fluid differs significantly from the flow rate set during the installation phase in the operating situation of the equipment. The circulation pumps rotate at the same - constant speed, which leads to too low a flow rate and a low heat recovery efficiency, especially in winter. Even in summer, even at lower speeds would provide sufficient flow in the piping. A circulating pump running at too high a speed consumes an unnecessary amount of energy.
    EP2910866 discloses a ventilation apparatus with at least two exhaust coils arranged in the exhaust air flow and at least two supply coils arranged in the supply air flow. The circulation of the heat transfer fluid through at least one other inlet coil can be stopped momentarily, but the heat transfer fluid must always be circulated through at least one other inlet coil. In this solution, several coils are arranged in the supply and exhaust air flow, through which air is led to flow, which makes the equipment structurally complex and expensive.
    N20 FI20165247 describes a ventilation apparatus comprising an inlet coil, N outlet coils and pressure measuring means for measuring the pressure difference I on different sides of the outlet coil. The publication seeks to keep the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid through the inlet = 30 and outlet coils substantially constant by adjusting the rotational speed of the circulating pump. Constant heat transfer fluid flow rate = improves the heat recovery efficiency of the equipment. The fogging S of the inlet coil is monitored by continuously measuring the pressure difference across the inlet coil. The control device of the apparatus> is arranged to cut off the flow of heat transfer fluid through the inlet coil completely - for a limited time when the pressure difference measured over the inlet coil exceeds the set limit value.
    The weakness of this solution per se is that the length of the heat transfer piping and the flow resistance change abruptly when the flow through the inlet coil is completely cut off, which makes it difficult to control the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid. The object of the invention is to provide ventilation equipment which can reduce the problems associated with the prior art.
    The objects of the invention are achieved by a ventilation device which is characterized by what is stated in the independent protection claims.
    Some preferred embodiments of the invention are set out in the dependent claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a ventilation apparatus comprising an inlet coil, an inlet fan for passing supply air through an inlet coil, an outlet coil, an outlet fan for passing exhaust air through an outlet coil and a heat transfer piping.
    The heat transfer piping has a first pipe from the inlet coil to the outlet coil, a second pipe from the outlet coil to the inlet coil, an intermediate pipe from the first pipe to the second pipe, a circulation pump and at least one valve.
    The apparatus further comprises a control device for controlling the operation of said inlet and outlet fan, said at least one valve and said circulation pump, and pressure measuring means for measuring the pressure difference across the outlet coil.
    The valve in the heat transfer piping is a three-way valve and the flow of heat transfer fluid in the heat transfer piping can be divided by a valve into a first part flowing through the inlet coil and a second part flowing simultaneously past the inlet coil.
    Preferably, said valve is at the junction of the first pipe and the intermediate pipe.
    In a preferred embodiment of the ventilation apparatus according to the invention, the N 25 - said valve is steplessly adjustable between a first position in which N substantially 100% of the heat transfer fluid is directed to flow through the inlet coil 5 and a second position in which substantially 100% of the heat transfer fluid is directed to flow past the inlet coil.
    E Another preferred embodiment of the ventilation device according to the invention x 30 - further comprises cooling means for lowering the temperature of the heat transfer fluid flowing in the heat transfer piping.
    Preferably, said cooling means comprise N cooling machines, an outlet pipe leading from the cooling machine to the second pipe and S return pipe leading from the first pipe to the cooling machine, and a distribution valve.
    Said distribution valve may be at the junction of the first pipe and the return pipe.
    When using the ventilation device according to the invention, the rotational speed of the circulation pump is adjusted to the optimum speed, which is substantially lower than the maximum speed, the heat transfer fluid flow is divided as the heating demand decreases, the first part flowing through the inlet coil is reduced.
    The optimum speed of the circulation pump is the lowest speed at which sufficient circulation of the heat transfer fluid in the heat transfer piping is achieved on most days of operation of the ventilation system.
    After substantially 100% of the heat transfer fluid has been directed to flow through the inlet coil, as the supply air heating demand increases, the circulation pump speed is increased above the optimum speed and as the supply air heating demand decreases, the circulation pump speed is reduced towards the optimum speed.
    The speed of the circulation pump is therefore raised above the optimum speed only when it is no longer possible to increase the efficiency of the heat transfer of the inlet coil by adjusting the valve.
    The fogging of the exhaust coil of the ventilation equipment is monitored by setting a limit value for the pressure difference prevailing on different sides of the exhaust coil and measuring the pressure difference prevailing on different sides of the exhaust coil substantially continuously.
    When the measured pressure difference is exceeded - the set limit value is reduced by the flow of heat transfer fluid through the inlet coil for a certain period of time and returned to the level before the reduction after the expiry of the period.
    Preferably, the flow of heat transfer fluid through the inlet coil is reduced by more than 50%, preferably by more than 70%, most preferably by 90% from the pre-reduction level.
    Solidification of the heat transfer fluid is prevented by determining the critical temperature of the heat transfer fluid solidification, measuring the temperature of the N heat transfer fluid flowing in the heat transfer piping and comparing the measured temperature with the critical temperature of the heat transfer fluid solidification.
    The flow of heat transfer fluid through the 2 inlet coils is reduced when the measured temperature is lower than the critical N temperature. = = 30 - Ventilation equipment can be used to cool the building by switching off the flow of heat transfer fluid S through the exhaust coil and cooling the supply air flow by lowering the heat transfer fluid flowing through the inlet coil to the temperature with cooling means S.
    In the cooling mode, the heat transfer fluid is led to flow from the first> pipe to the cooling machine, the coolant is cooled in the cooling machine, - the cooled coolant is led to the second pipe and as the supply air cooling demand increases, the flow flowing through the inlet coil first increases.
    and as the need for cooling the supply air decreases, the first part flowing through the inlet coil is reduced by adjusting the valve. The advantage of the invention is that the flow of heat transfer fluid in the heat transfer piping largely takes place continuously at the same, optimal speed, which improves the efficiency of heat recovery. The efficiency of heat recovery is also improved by restricting the circulation of the heat transfer fluid through the inlet coil only when there is a real risk of fogging. In addition, the invention has the advantage that rotating the circulation pump at the optimum speed saves energy. A further advantage of the invention is that the apparatus is structurally simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be described in detail. The description refers to the accompanying drawing, in which the figure shows by way of example a diagram of a ventilation apparatus according to the invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Figure 1 shows by way of example a ventilation device according to the invention in a simplified diagrammatic view. The ventilation apparatus includes an inlet coil 10 arranged in the supply air flow 14 flowing in the ventilation duct of the building 100 and an outlet coil 12 arranged in the exhaust air flow 16. The supply air flow N further has an inlet fan 18 for suction supply air from outside the building <Q The supply fan is located in the supply duct in the flow direction of the supply air at the foot of the supply coil N 25. Correspondingly, the exhaust air flow 16 has an exhaust fan 20 by means of which exhaust air is blown from inside the building to the outside of the building along the exhaust duct © so that the exhaust air flows through the exhaust coil 12. The exhaust fan is located o in the exhaust duct in the flow direction of the exhaust air in front of the exhaust coil. Inlet and outlet N batteries are liquid circulating batteries with a flow piping inside which
    O N 30 —the first end has a first pipe connection 22a and the other end has a second pipe connection 22b. The outer surface of the flow piping has lamellae that promote heat transfer through the air flowing through the radiators and the heat flowing through the flow piping.
    between the transfer fluid. The input coil 10 is a so-called a hybrid coil which can act both as a heating device for the flowing air or as a cooling device depending on the temperature of the heat transfer fluid introduced into the flow piping of the coil. Inlet and outlet radiators are known in the art, so their structure will not be described in more detail in this connection. The first pipe connection 22a of the inlet coil is connected by a first pipe 24 to the first pipe connection 22a of the outlet coil 12 and the second pipe connection 22b of the inlet coil is connected by a second pipe 26 to the second pipe connection 22b of the outlet coil 12 so as to form a heat transfer fluid flow path through the inlet and outlet coils. The first and second pipes are connected to each other by an intermediate pipe 25. At the junction of the first pipe and the intermediate pipe there is a valve 28. The valve is provided with an actuator. A 3-way valve, the opening and closing of which is controlled by a control device 32. The valve can be used to limit or completely cut off the flow of heat transfer fluid to the heat transfer piping connected to the valve. - The valve 28 has a flow meter with which it is possible to measure the flow of heat transfer fluid in the pipes connected to the valve. The second tube 26 has a circulation pump 34 for circulating the heat transfer fluid in the tubes and radiators. The heat transfer fluid used in the ventilation equipment is typically glycol, an aqueous solution of glycol or a mixture of ethylene glycol. The speed of the circulation pump is controlled by a frequency converter 35. The valve, the circulation pump and the frequency converter are connected by conductors to a control device 32 which controls their operation. In the exhaust air flow 16, on the first side of the exhaust coil 12 there is a first pressure sensor 36a and on the other side a second pressure sensor 36b for measuring the exhaust air pressure on different sides of the exhaust coil. The pressure sensors are connected by wires to the control device 32. The inlet and outlet fans 18, 20 are also connected by wires N to a control device for controlling the operation of the fans.
    The ventilation apparatus according to the invention further comprises cooling means for cooling the supply air flow. The cooling means comprise a cooling machine I 40, a flow pipe 42 leading from the cooling machine to the second pipe 26 and a return pipe 44 leading from the first pipe 30 to the cooling machine 24. The flow pipe connects to the second pipe between the outlet 12 and the circulation pump 34 and the return pipe connects to the first pipe 28 and the section S between the discharge coil. At the junction of the return pipe and the first pipe, there is a distribution valve> 46, which controls the amount of heat transfer fluid flowing from the first pipe to the return pipe. The amount of coolant flowing in the return pipe is equal to the amount of heat transfer fluid flowing in the supply pipe, so the distribution valve also controls the amount of cooled heat transfer fluid flowing into the flow pipe. The distribution valve is a 3-way valve with an actuator known per se, the operation of which is controlled by a control device 32.
    The apparatus also includes three thermometers for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer fluid flowing in the heat transfer piping. The first thermometer 48a is in the first tube 24, in the portion between the inlet coil 10 and the valve 28, the second thermometer 48b is in the first tube in the portion between the manifold 46 and the outlet radiator 12, and the third thermometer 48c is in the second tube 26, between the circulation pump 34 and the inlet coil 10.
    - The control device 32 belonging to the ventilation system is a control unit known per se with programmable logic, in which it is possible to connect to the building automation system via the connections in the control device. The housing of the control unit has a main switch and a graphic touch screen, which can be used to set parameters that control the operation of the equipment in the control unit and to view the quantities measured by the equipment's meters. The control device can be connected via a wired or wireless communication connection 102 to a remote control device outside the building, such as a computer or a mobile phone.
    The ventilation system according to the invention is used as follows: When the ventilation system is in normal operation, the supply and exhaust fans are running, the supply air flowing along the inlet duct 10 through the inlet coil 10 inside the building 100 and the exhaust air flowing along the outlet duct 12 through the outlet coil 12 outside the building. If the temperature of the supply air flow 14 flowing through the inlet coil is suitable, i.e. it does not need to be heated or cooled, the circulation pump 34 can be switched off, whereby no heat transfer fluid flows in the heat transfer piping at all.
    N 25 The control unit then controls the valve 28 to the "open" position, in which case the branch connected to the valve intermediate pipe N 25 is closed. = An upper limit and a lower limit for the temperature of the supply air flow 14 can be set in the control device 32. When the supply air flow temperature falls below the lower limit temperature, i.e. there is a need to heat the air flowing through the supply coil, the control device 32 starts the circulation pump and x 30 - adjusts its speed to a preset minimum speed. Information S about the supply air heating demand can also come from a building automation system connected to the control device, which monitors e.g. the interior temperature of the building. S Based on the heating demand of the supply air flow, the control device calculates the required flow through the inlet coil and adjusts the valve 28 steplessly so that the first part of the heat transfer fluid flows through the inlet coil 10 heating the air flowing through the inlet coil and the second part of the heat transfer fluid through the inlet pipe 25. As the heating demand of the supply air flow increases, the first part is increased and the second part is reduced until the valve 28 is completely open, whereby all heat transfer fluid flowing in the heat transfer pipeline flows through the inlet and outlet coil 12 and no heat transfer fluid in the intermediate pipe 25. When the supply air temperature falls low enough, the heating demand of the supply air flow becomes so great that the required flow through the supply coil is not achieved, even if all the heat transfer fluid is directed to pass through the supply coil. In this case, the control device - increases the speed of the circulation pump 34 with the frequency converter 35 so that a sufficient flow of heat transfer fluid is achieved. The speed of the circulation pump can be infinitely adjusted to achieve the required flow rate. When the heating demand of the supply air flow decreases, the operation is reversed, ie the speed of the circulation pump is first reduced to the minimum speed, after which - the amount of heat transfer fluid flowing through the supply coil is limited by the valve
    28. During the operation of the ventilation apparatus according to the invention, the pressure difference 36a, 36b continuously measures the pressure difference on different sides of the exhaust coil 12 in the exhaust air flow 16. The differential pressure limit value is preset in the control device 32 of the ventilation system. The limit value means the maximum permissible value for the pressure difference prevailing on different sides of the exhaust coil, i.e. the maximum permissible value for the difference in air pressures measured by the first and second pressure sensors. The limit value can be adjusted and changed during operation of the equipment. Exhaust coils have an inherent structural pressure drop. Structural pressure drop here means the pressure drop caused by the discharge coil when the discharge coil is completely “clean”, ie there is no additional pressure loss-increasing substance or material between its lamellae N. 5 Twice the value of the structural pressure drop N of the exhaust coil can be used as the limit value for the pressure difference. E: As the supply air temperature decreases, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid also decreases in the inlet x 30 coil, so that colder heat transfer fluid flows into the exhaust coil. A sufficiently low temperature of the heat transfer fluid makes the surfaces of the lamellae of the exhaust coil so cold that moisture in the exhaust air begins to condense on them, i.e. the lamellae begin to mist up. The fogging of the lamellae leads to an increase in the pressure difference across the discharge coil. When the measured pressure difference reaches the set limit value, the ventilation system moves to the so-called to the defrost mode, whereby the control device 32 adjusts the valve 28 so that
    that a part of the heat transfer fluid is directed to flow along the intermediate pipe 25 past the inlet coil, whereby the proportion of the heat transfer fluid flowing through the inlet coil 10 is reduced. In the defrost mode, the amount of heat transfer fluid flowing through the inlet coil is reduced steplessly to the desired amount. The reduction in the flow of the heat transfer fluid can be, for example, more than 50%, more than 70% or even 90% of the level before the reduction. In principle, it is possible to cut off the flow of heat transfer fluid completely through the inlet coil, but the invention seeks to avoid such a situation. In the defrost mode, the heat transfer fluid still circulates completely through the exhaust coil, but due to the partial bypass of the inlet coil, its temperature rises as the warm exhaust air flow through the exhaust coil raises the temperature of the exhaust coil lamellae. At the same time, the moisture condensed on the lamellae of the exhaust radiators dries and flows out under the influence of the exhaust air flowing through. The ventilation system remains in the defrost mode for a preset period of time in the control unit. The length of the time limit can be, for example, 10-15 minutes. The length of the period can be adjusted to suit the use of the equipment. At the end of the period, the control device 32 returns the valve 28 to the position before the defrost mode, whereby the ventilation equipment returns to the normal operating mode. The ventilation system continuously measures the pressure difference on different sides of the exhaust coil, compares it with the set limit value and, if necessary, transfers the equipment again to the defrost mode for a limited time. A minimum interval can be set in the control unit between successive defrosting steps. The heat transfer fluid used in the ventilation equipment is typically glycol, an aqueous solution of glycol or a mixture of ethylene glycol that solidifies at a certain temperature. The solidification temperature depends on the composition of the heat transfer fluid. In the ventilation apparatus according to the invention, a critical temperature N is determined for the heat transfer fluid, below which the viscosity of the heat transfer fluid increases too high due to solidification. The temperature 2 of the heat transfer fluid flowing into the exhaust coil is continuously measured by a second thermometer 48b. If the temperature of the heat transfer fluid N drops to the critical solidification temperature, the control device 32 controls the valve E 30 28 to control most of the heat transfer fluid to bypass the inlet coil, whereby the temperature of the heat transfer fluid rises. The control device thus restricts the flow of the heat transfer fluid through the inlet coil so that the temperature of the heat transfer fluid cannot fall below a critical temperature.
    N> If the temperature of the additional air in the building is so high that there is no need to heat the supply air, the control unit stops the circulation pump, whereby the circulation of the heat transfer fluid in the heat transfer piping ceases. No more heat is transferred from the exhaust coil 12 to the inlet coil 10, i.e. the heating of the supply air flow ceases. Especially in spring and autumn, conditions arise in which the outdoor air temperature of the building is lower than the indoor air temperature that is to be lowered. The supply air, which is cooler than the indoor air, then flows through the supply coil as it enters the building, cooling the indoor air. As the need for cooling increases and / or the outside air temperature rises, the supply air flow can be cooled by the cooling means included in the equipment. Information on the maximum supply air flow temperature can be set in the control device 32, or the control device can obtain information on the cooling demand from the building automation system connected to the control device, whereby the ventilation equipment enters the cooling mode. In the cooling mode, the control device starts the circulation pump and adjusts the distribution valve 46 to a position where the flow of coolant to the outlet coil 12 is blocked and a flow path for the coolant opens along the return pipe 44 to the cooling machine. Coolant cooled from the cooling machine flows along the supply pipe 42 to the second pipe 26, whereby it flows through the inlet coil 10, cooling the supply air flow. In the cooling mode, the control unit sets a set value corresponding to the cooling mode for the valve 28, i.e. a maximum flow setpoint that is substantially different from the heat recovery mode setpoint. In the cooling mode, the control device regulates the flow of heat transfer fluid to the first part flowing through the inlet coil 10 and to the second part flowing along the intermediate pipe, bypassing the inlet coil 10, according to the cooling need. - The speed of the circulation pump 34 is controlled by a frequency converter to maintain sufficient cooling capacity. Some preferred embodiments of the ventilation apparatus according to the invention have been described above. The invention is not limited to the solutions described above, but the inventive idea can be applied in various ways within the limits set by the protection requirements. OF O OF S OF OF
    I Ao a 00
    O [<] + OF O
    N 5
    Ref - intermediate pipe 48b second thermometer 26 second pipe 48c third thermometer 28 - valve 100 building 32 control device 102 wireless communication connection OF O OF S OF OF
    I = 00
    O [<] + OF O OF
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    A ventilation apparatus comprising an inlet coil (10), an inlet fan (18) for conducting supply air through an inlet coil (10), an outlet coil (12), an outlet fan (20) for conducting exhaust air through an outlet coil (12), a heat transfer piping, the heat transfer piping has 10) a first pipe (24) leading to the discharge coil (12), a second pipe (26) leading from the discharge coil (12) to the inlet coil (10), an intermediate pipe (25) leading from the first pipe (24) to the second pipe (26), a circulation pump ( 34) and at least one valve (28), a control device (32) for controlling the operation of said inlet and outlet fans (18, 20), said at least one valve (28) and said circulation pump (34), and pressure measuring means (36a, 36b) for measuring the pressure difference across the discharge coil (12), characterized in that said valve (28) is a three-way valve and the flow of heat transfer fluid in the heat transfer piping is divisible by the valve (28) of the inlet coil (10) to the first part flowing through and to the second part flowing simultaneously past the inlet coil (10).
    [2]
    Ventilation installation according to protection claim 1, characterized in that said valve (28) is at the junction of the first pipe (24) and the intermediate pipe (25).
    [3]
    Ventilation system according to protection claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said valve (28) is steplessly adjustable to a first position in which - substantially 100% of the heat transfer fluid is directed to flow through the inlet coil (10) and a second position in which substantially 100% of the heat transfer fluid is controlled to flow past the inlet coil (10).
    [4]
    Ventilation installation according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises cooling means for lowering the temperature of the heat transfer fluid flowing in the heat transfer piping. O
    [5]
    Ventilation apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that said cooling means comprise a cooling machine (40), a flow pipe (42) leading from the cooling machine (40) E to the second pipe (26) and a return pipe leading from the first pipe (24) to the cooling machine (40). (44) and the distribution valve (46). [<] = 30
    [6]
    Ventilation installation according to protection claim 5, characterized in that said distribution valve (46) is at the junction of the first pipe (24) and the return pipe (44).
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